Texture

A texture in 3D graphics is a 2D image applied to the surface of a 3D model to add visual detail like color, patterns, surface imperfections, and material properties without increasing geometric complexity. Multiple texture types work together: diffuse/albedo maps define base color, normal maps simulate surface detail through lighting tricks, roughness maps control shininess variation, and metallic maps distinguish metal from non-metal surfaces. Textures are mapped onto models using UV coordinates.

Creating a realistic brick wall material involves several texture maps working together. The albedo map contains the actual brick colors and mortar. The normal map, often generated from a high-poly sculpt or photograph, creates the illusion of depth in each brick and mortar groove without adding geometry. The roughness map makes worn brick surfaces shinier than the matte mortar between them. Combined in a PBR shader, light interacts convincingly with this flat surface that appears fully three-dimensional.